While Pythagorus, Parmenides, and Plato developed an advanced concept of timelessness well before the concept appears in the theology of the church, the idea is not without biblical precedent:
That God existed “before” time (1 Cor 2:7) does not make sense apart from the idea of timelessness. Note, for instance, Augustine’s commentary: “If you are before time, it is not in time that you precede it. If this were so, you would not be before time.”
The certain nature of God’s decree at a minimum strongly suggests timelessness (Eph 2:6).
God’s other attributes also seem to reflect both a quantitative and a qualitative distinction between man and God. His immutability, especially, seems to demand the absence of temporal succession.